A new study has found concerning levels of a toxic “forever chemical” in cereal-based foods across Europe, with breakfast cereals showing the highest levels of contamination. Research by Pesticide Action Network Europe (PAN) revealed that concentrations of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in cereals were, on average, 100 times higher than in tap water.
TFA is formed when pesticides containing PFAS — a group of long-lasting chemicals used in industry and consumer products — break down in soil. PFAS can persist for centuries, contaminating water and crops. TFA is classified as reprotoxic, meaning it may harm fertility, foetal development, and reproductive health, and has been linked to thyroid, liver and immune system effects.
Researchers analysed 65 cereal products across 16 European countries, detecting TFA in 81.5% of samples. Wheat-based foods were most affected. The highest levels were found in Irish breakfast cereal, followed by wholemeal bread in Belgium and Germany, and French baguettes. Contamination was widespread across everyday foods including pasta, croissants, bread, biscuits and flour.
Campaigners say the findings underline the urgent need for tighter regulation. PAN Europe is calling for a ban on PFAS-containing pesticides and for governments to set stricter safety limits on TFA, which is not currently monitored in food.
“All people are exposed to TFA through multiple pathways,” said Salomé Roynel of PAN Europe. “We need an immediate ban to stop further contamination of the food chain.”
The UK was not part of the study, but experts warn the issue is relevant there too. PFAS are still widely used in UK agriculture, with 27 active ingredients approved for pesticides — six considered highly hazardous.
Environmental groups say action is needed quickly to protect public health, especially for children, who may be more vulnerable to chemical exposure.
