A new study has revealed that 90% of marine aquarium fish sold by major US retailers come directly from the wild.
Researchers found most species were caught in the western Pacific and Indian oceans, feeding a $2.15bn global industry.
The US makes up two-thirds of global demand, with around 55 million marine animals sold each year.
Lead author Dr Bing Lin said the trade’s supply chain remains “opaque and murky – from reef to retail.”
Among fish sold were 45 species listed as threatened, including Banggai cardinalfish and clarion angelfish.
“Many species slip through trade rules or aren’t listed at all,” Lin warned, urging stronger oversight and traceability.
Experts say better regulation, eco-certification, and consumer awareness are vital to protect biodiversity and ensure sustainability.
